GNSS Time Signal Spoofing Detector for Electrical Substations

This paper introduces a novel method of GNSS spoofing detection with applications in electrical substations. Time sensitive electricity substations, including Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) and Merging (MU), rely on Global Navigation Satellite Signals (GNSS), often GPS, for time transfer. Recently, sophisticated ‘spoofing’ attacks have become feasible due to the availability low cost Software Defined Radio (SDR) systems. The proposed uses multiple receive antennas placed close proximity at substation, such that it is not possible an attacker target unique signal towards each antenna. In system employing three or more antennas, during attack two will return estimated position impossible locations. sufficient raise alarm should use alternative source holdover clock. contributions this include detailed description method, experimental assessment receiver substation clock estimation variance establish minimum separation required between validation by demonstration. A further benefit authors’ may be put into practice immediately using commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) equipment.